Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Decline Of The Ottoman Empire - 1240 Words

Raad Qazi World History 10 Ms. Jacobs, Period 7 *Questions: 1. How was the decline of the Ottoman Empire significantly different than the events in both India and Africa. The decline of the Ottoman Empire was significantly different compared to India and Africa because their collapse was much more gradual and over a vast period of time. They were at least able to resist against the foreign power during that time. The Ottoman empire was competed over by the Europeans and wanted to gain more control. They had sign treaties and wage wars with the Ottoman which were slowly losing land to the Europeans. Unlike in India and Africa, the Europeans just forcefully colonized with their tents not realizing whose land they are in and just cared for their benefits and profits from land enriched resources. 2. Using the perspective of a British officer in the British East India Company, explain the rebellion in their eyes. India became one of Britain’s most prized colonies. Britain depended vigorously on India due to its vast quantities of resources and materials such as cotton and tea. Starting in 1757, the East India Company, which was directed by the British government, ruled over India. After, one hundred years later, the Sepoy Rebellion happened. The British officers might have observed this sepoy rebellion as an excuse to attack against the might of Britons. They treated the sepoys as their little brown brothers, entrusting them with the protection of the military. ThisShow MoreRelatedDecline of the Ottoman Empire918 Words   |  4 PagesThe Decline of the Ottoman Empire The decline of the Ottoman Turks Empire despite the interventions to save it has always attracted the attention of historians. The decline which started in the second half of the 19th century is believed to have been as a result of conflicting political and social aspect in the empire as well as the economic situation of the empire. This led to the dismissal of the ottoman rulers by the Europeans as competent rulers who could lead the empire to modernization. TheRead MoreThe Decline Of The Ottoman Empire5362 Words   |  22 Pages How the Decline of the Ottoman Empire Led to the Armenian Genocide Extended Essay in History Word Count: 3941 Douglas County High School Douglasville, GA, USA Examination Session: May 2016 Kiran Lakhani ABTRACT Through the investigation of the changes occurring from the first European presence in the Muslim world to the end of the Ottoman Empire, this essay attempts to answer why the Armenian genocide occurred. The Ottoman Empire started its decline when Napoleon enteredRead MoreThe Armenian Genocide And The Decline Of The Ottoman Empire1671 Words   |  7 Pagesderived from the decline of the Ottoman Empire towards the end of the 19th century, and was based on land dispute, religion, and ultra-nationalism. â€Å"One of the main factors that led to the Armenian genocide is to be found in the mental conditions and characteristics of Turkish National identity† (AkcÃŒ §am, 2004, 59). The Armenians have claimed their home in the southern Caucasus since 7th Century BCE. Throughout many centuries, the Mongol, Persian, Russian, and Ottoman empires have fought overRead MoreThe Decline Of The 19th Century The Ottoman Empire1852 Words   |  8 PagesThrough an in-depth analysis of a once formidable, dominant, industrial and economic power-house of Europe, it is understood that by the end of the nineteenth century the Ottoman empire was to a large extent justifiably likened to that of a ‘sick man’. By the end of the nineteenth century, the contrast between the Ottoman Empires’ former supremacy and its slow and steady deterioration throughout the century was due to multi-faceted, complex and interlinked problems that coalesced, rather than a solitaryRead More Decline of the Muslim Empires: Safavid, Ottoman, and Mughal Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesDecline of the Muslim Empires: Safavid, Ottoman, and Mughal Since the beginning, all empires have faced change in many ways, declining and rising in status. Many empires have collapsed, only to start again under a different name. Like all empires, the three Muslim Empires, the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals have faced this inevitable state. Although each individual empire is different, they each have similarities in their reasons for decline. Whether it is social, religious, economic, or politicalRead MoreThe Young Turks Fight Against the Decline of the Ottoman Empire1075 Words   |  5 Pagesnorth of present day Syria, was known as the Ottoman empire. It was rooted in the belief that Islam as an ideology should be in power. One territory held by the Ottoman empire was their homeland of Turkey. In 1907, the Sultan Abdul Hamid II, wanted for the most part to have people who were educated outside of the country limited in what they could do, and if not then they were expunged, as he thought that they were the cause of his land’s pligh t and decline. This resulted in him becoming very unpopularRead MoreBy the early 18th century, the Ottoman Empire which ruled the Middle East began to decline. While900 Words   |  4 PagesBy the early 18th century, the Ottoman Empire which ruled the Middle East began to decline. While the Western European states were not necessarily superior at this point, they were transforming. Western Europeans were able to transform their society from an agricultural one to a technology and industry based one. This momentum spread from industry, to military and intellectual fields. This rapid change, known as the Great Western Transmutation, made it nearly impossible for competing nationsRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire Ruling Class1142 Words   |  5 PagesTo be a part of the Ottoman Empire ruling class, three characteristics were necessary: â€Å"Islamic faith, loyalty to the sultan, and compliance with the standards of behavior of the Ottoman court.† This only applied to Muslim peo ple while Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews—recognized as the millets—were excluded and usually employed in state services. As the Ottoman Empire developed and its strength grew, it was looked upon as â€Å"a daily increasing flame† for its ability to rule and take control, butRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire And The Empire1596 Words   |  7 Pages Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire is known as one of the longest lasting and influential empires in world history. The first reason why the Ottoman Empire culture led to a well organized empire was because of its social class. there social level could had changed anytime, but Its territories extended to the eastern Roman Empire, the northern Balkans and to the north of the Black Sea coast. The empire began around the 13th century and its ruling was long and includes the period of the WorldRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire And Islamic Terrorism1193 Words   |  5 Pages The Ottoman Empire and Islamic Terrorism Florida International University By Melinda Persaud November 7, 2014 Introduction What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. The Purpose of the empire was to gain land , and spread their Islamic teachings. With this they had created a thirteenth century empire led by Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Osman surrounded

Monday, December 23, 2019

History of Egyptian Jewelry - 1728 Words

Jewels of The Nile: History of Ancient Egyptian Jewelry Over thousands of years, jewelry has been worn by many people. Whether to show beauty, wealth or belief there is no era that can compare to the jewels of Ancient Egypt. At the beginning of the kingdom, precious stones and metals were discovered and worn like never seen before. Unfortunately, the remaining Egyptian jewelry that is displayed in Museums today is only a small fraction of what actually existed due to grave robbers. Questions such as how jewelry started, how it was made and worn, what the symbolization of jewelry was and who were the people that wore jewelry in Ancient Egypt will be answered. It is said that Egyptians always had knowledge of metal work but the†¦show more content†¦Within these categories of jewelry there was a variety of different types. An example of different types is earrings. During the second Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt earrings were simple hoops but by the New Kingdom, earrings were worn in many different ways such as hoop s, â€Å"dangles, tube and boss earrings and ear studs† [2]. Evidence also shows that mummies had stretched earlobes, meaning they would insert ear plugs in their lobe that were a maximum â€Å"two inches wide† [2]. Another type of jewelry that existed was worn in the hair or wigs of woman. They were called rosettes or tubes of gold that were strung in the womens hair. Towards the New Kingdom tubes made of cornelian began to be worn [5]. The most important feature of egyptian jewelry is that it was colorful. Egyptians wore white linen clothing, especially the wealthy, therefore; to accent their white clothing, their jewels were full of colors such as red (red jasper, cornelian), green (green jasper, chrysoprase), purple (amethyst) and blue (lapis lazuli, turquoise) stones. They loved their accessories to look heavy because it showed more wealth. In order to make it look heavy they added metals around their stones. Gold was the metal of choice ____________________________________________________________ __________________ [2] Silverman, David P. Ancient Egypt. (New York; Duncan Baird Publishers Limited, 1997). 227 [5] Bard, Kathryn A.Show MoreRelatedCasey Kirwan, Civic Engagement Self Reflection1665 Words   |  7 Pagesthis summer, I embarked on a journey through history by going to the Carnegie Museum of Art and Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The museum is one of my favorites because of its variety of exhibits of history in both science and art. With every trip, the museum always has something new to offer. Going to the museum felt like a completely new experience with the new perspective I have coming from this class. There were many parts of history to look at, but the ones that stood out to meRead MoreThe Egyptian Emporium Blog By Gemma Ellen Wood1719 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Macias ID #90131885 The Egyptian Emporium URL: https://egyptianaemporium.wordpress.com/ For my blog review I decided to go with The Egyptian Emporium blog by Gemma Ellen Wood. This blog centers on Egyptian archaeology and particularly focuses and discuses Egyptian museum artifacts, mummies and tombs. The author of the blog is Gemma Ellen Wood, a post graduate with a Masters of Arts in Ancient Egyptian Culture and first class honors degree in Egyptology and on the pursuit for her PhD. FromRead MoreThe Life Of The Smithsonian National Museum Of Natural History897 Words   |  4 Pages At the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History there is an exhibit called â€Å"Eternal Life in Ancient Egypt†. This exhibit focuses on Egypt’s past with important and interesting artifacts related to burial techniques and religious beliefs. The most simple answer to why it is important to understand the way people lived in the past is that we can’t truly know ourselves until we understand where we came from. This essay will analyze the exhibit to show what i t’s telling us and why it is soRead MoreAncient Egypt : A Tomb For The Pharaohs Of The Old Kingdom1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sphinx-†¨ The Sphinx was built as a tomb for the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom in Egypt. The mixed form, both animal and human, is significant, especially since they were normally just built as regular pyramids. It is an important symbol of Egyptian kingship and religion because pharaohs were expected to be a form of a god that is capable of living on earth in person form. The Nile River- The developing and prosperous culture that prolonged Egypt was supported on the yearly overspill of the riverRead MoreHistory of Clothing778 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Clothes Egypt Men All men wore a wrap-round skirt that was tied at the waist with a belt. Sometimes the material was wrapped around the legs as well. The length of the skirt varied depending on the fashion of the time - in the time of the Old Kingdom they were short while in the Middle Kingdom they were calf length. During the New Kingdom period it was fashionable to wear a pleated garment. Rich Egyptian men were able to afford the best quality linen which was very fine and almostRead MoreThe Egyptian Of Ancient Egyptian Society1704 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Egyptian society reflected many things like the pyramids that it built. They placed the pharaoh at the top, but he relied on a group of officials, priests, and nobles to administer his kingdom. All of these people were assisted with scribes, which is a writing system that was used, perhaps adapted from Mesopotamia or created independently. The eldest known hieroglyphic writings date back to the 3rd millennium B.C. though the script must have been created way before that. Egyptian scribesRead MoreEgyptian Costumes s Persian Taste Essay2223 Words   |  9 PagesEgyptian Costumes in Persian Taste Tamer Fahim Tourism Guidance Department Fayoum University- Faculty of Tourism and Hotels Abstract Persians were considerably harder handed towards the Egyptians after their invasion during Twenty-seventh Dynasty than their conquering predecessors, they were certainly not as familiar with Egyptian art as were the Nubian, and it is interesting find Egyptian high officials adapting some Persian costumes such as headdress, jewelry and clothing (Persian Jacket), likeRead MoreEgypt: the Five Themes of Geography1416 Words   |  6 PagesEgypt- The Five Themes of Geography Egypt is a land of rich culture, society, religion, customs, and prosperity. Tourists flock over in floods to marvel at the wonders of Egypt: the pyramids, the temples, the Sphinx, and the fortresses. But if the Egyptians hadn’t been lucky to stumble upon the land of Egypt, there would not be much left to see. Egypt’s unique geography separates it from other lands. Each of the five themes of geography, which are location, region, place, interaction, and movement,Read MoreGold And The Gods : Jewels Of Ancient Nubia1557 Words   |  7 PagesFamily Foundation Gallery, the exhibition explores the royal tombs of kings and queens, which were filled with elaborate jewelry such as necklaces, amulets, stacked bracelets and earrings. The MFA is unique in its ability to mount an exhibition of Nubian jewelry and adornment drawn exclusively from its own collection. In addition to gold––Nubia’s most important commodity––jewelry in the exhibition incorporates precious materials such as lapis lazuli (imported from Afghanistan), blue chalcedony (importedRead MoreAncient Egyptian Sports And Sports1606 Words   |  7 PagesEquestrian sports, Handball and swimming. Ancient Egyptian sport also included team sports. They required team work in an effort to display skill, strength and sportsmanship. Hockey Ancient Egyptians had a version of field hockey. Hockey sticks were pieces of palm tree branches with the tell-tale bend at the end. The inner core of the ball was papyrus. The method of playing hockey in Ancient Egypt is the same as the hockey we play today. Athletics Ancient Egyptians practiced field and track sports such as

Sunday, December 15, 2019

The Subtle Knife Chapter Twelve Free Essays

Chapter Twelve Screen Language â€Å"Tell me again,† said Dr. Oliver Payne, in the little laboratory overlooking the park. â€Å"Either I didn’t hear you, or you’re talking nonsense. We will write a custom essay sample on The Subtle Knife Chapter Twelve or any similar topic only for you Order Now A child from another world?† â€Å"That’s what she said. All right, it’s nonsense, but listen to it, Oliver, will you?† said Dr. Mary Malone. â€Å"She knew about Shadows. She calls them – it – she calls it Dust, but it’s the same thing. It’s our shadow particles. And I’m telling you, when she was wearing the electrodes linking her to the Cave, there was the most extraordinary display on the screen: pictures, symbols†¦ She had an instrument too, a sort of compass thing made of gold, with different symbols all around the rim. And she said she could read that in the same way, and she knew about the state of mind, too – she knew it intimately.† It was midmorning. Lyra’s Scholar, Dr. Malone, was red-eyed from lack of sleep, and her colleague, who’d just returned from Geneva, was impatient to hear more, and skeptical, and preoccupied. â€Å"And the point was, Oliver, she was communicating with them. They are conscious. And they can respond. And you remember your skulls? Well, she told me about some skulls in the Pitt-Rivers Museum. She’d found out with her compass thing that they were much older than the museum said, and there were Shadows – â€Å" â€Å"Wait a minute. Give me some sort of structure here. What are you saying? You saying she’s confirmed what we know already, or that she’s telling us something new?† â€Å"Both. I don’t know. But suppose something happened thirty, forty thousand years ago. There were shadow particles around before then, obviously – they’ve been around since the Big Bang – but there was no physical way of amplifying their effects at our level, the anthropic level. The level of human beings. And then something happened, I can’t imagine what, but it involved evolution. Hence your skulls – remember? No Shadows before that time, lots afterward? And the skulls the child found in the museum, that she tested with her compass thing. She told me the same thing. What I’m saying is that around that time, the human brain became the ideal vehicle for this amplification process. Suddenly we became conscious.† Dr. Payne tilted his plastic mug and drank the last of his coffee. â€Å"Why should it happen particularly at that time?† he said. â€Å"Why suddenly thirty-five thousand years ago?† â€Å"Oh, who can say? We’re not paleontologists. I don’t know, Oliver, I’m just speculating. Don’t you think it’s at least possible?† â€Å"And this policeman. Tell me about him.† Dr. Malone rubbed her eyes. â€Å"His name is Walters,† she said. â€Å"He said he was from the Special Branch. I thought that was politics or something?† â€Å"Terrorism, subversion, intelligence†¦ all that. Go on. What did he want? Why did he come here?† â€Å"Because of the girl. He said he was looking for a boy of about the same age – he didn’t tell me why – and this boy had been seen in the company of the girl who came here. But he had something else in mind as well, Oliver. He knew about the research. He even asked – â€Å" The telephone rang. She broke off, shrugging, and Dr. Payne answered it. He spoke briefly, put it down, and said, â€Å"We’ve got a visitor.† â€Å"Who?† â€Å"Not a name I know. Sir Somebody Something. Listen, Mary, I’m off, you realize that, don’t you?† â€Å"They offered you the job.† â€Å"Yes. I’ve got to take it. You must see that.† â€Å"Well, that’s the end of this, then.† He spread his hands helplessly, and said, â€Å"To be frank†¦ I can’t see any point in the sort of stuff you’ve just been talking about. Children from another world and fossil Shadows†¦ It’s all too crazy. I just can’t get involved. I’ve got a career, Mary.† â€Å"What about the skulls you tested? What about the Shadows around the ivory figurine?† He shook his head and turned his back. Before he could answer, there came a tap at the door, and he opened it almost with relief. Sir Charles said, â€Å"Good day to you. Dr. Payne? Dr. Malone? My name is Charles Latrom. It’s very good of you to see me without any notice.† â€Å"Come in,† said Dr. Malone, weary but puzzled. â€Å"Did Oliver say Sir Charles? What can we do for you?† â€Å"It may be what I can do for you,† he said. â€Å"I understand you’re waiting for the results of your funding application.† â€Å"How do you know that?† said Dr. Payne. â€Å"I used to be a civil servant. As a matter of fact, I was concerned with directing scientific policy. I still have a number of contacts in the field, and I heard†¦ May I sit down?† â€Å"Oh, please,† said Dr. Malone. She pulled out a chair, and he sat down as if he were in charge of a meeting. â€Å"Thank you. I heard through a friend – I’d better not mention his name; the Official Secrets Act covers all sorts of silly things – I heard that your application was being considered, and what I heard about it intrigued me so much that I must confess I asked to see some of your work. I know I had no business to, except that I still act as a sort of unofficial adviser, so I used that as an excuse. And really, what I saw was quite fascinating.† â€Å"Does that mean you think we’ll be successful?† said Dr. Malone, leaning forward, eager to believe him. â€Å"Unfortunately, no. I must be blunt. They’re not minded to renew your grant.† Dr. Malone’s shoulders slumped. Dr. Payne was watching the old man with cautious curiosity. â€Å"Why have you come here now, then?† he said. â€Å"Well, you see, they haven’t officially made the decision yet. It doesn’t look promising, and I’m being frank with you; they see no prospect of funding work of this sort in the future. However, it might be that if you had someone to argue the case for you, they would see it differently.† â€Å"An advocate? You mean yourself? I didn’t think it worked like that,† said Dr. Malone, sitting up. â€Å"I thought they went on peer review and so on.† â€Å"It does in principle, of course,† said Sir Charles. â€Å"But it also helps to know how these committees work in practice. And to know who’s on them. Well, here I am. I’m intensely interested in your work; I think it might be very valuable, and it certainly ought to continue. Would you let me make informal representations on your behalf?† Dr. Malone felt like a drowning sailor being thrown a life belt. â€Å"Why†¦ well, yes! Good grief, of course! And thank you†¦ I mean, do you really think it’ll make a difference? I don’t mean to suggest that†¦ I don’t know what I mean. Yes, of course!† â€Å"What would we have to do?† said Dr. Payne. Dr. Malone looked at him in surprise. Hadn’t Oliver just said he was going to work in Geneva? But he seemed to be understanding Sir Charles better than she was, for a flicker of complicity was passing between them, and Oliver came to sit down, too. â€Å"I’m glad you take my point,† said the old man. â€Å"You’re quite right. There is a direction I’d be especially glad to see you taking. And provided we could agree, I might even be able to find you some extra money from another source altogether.† â€Å"Wait, wait,† said Dr. Malone. â€Å"Wait a minute. The course of this research is a matter for us. I’m perfectly willing to discuss the results, but not the direction. Surely you see – â€Å" Sir Charles spread his hands in a gesture of regret and got to his feet. Oliver Payne stood too, anxious. â€Å"No, please, Sir Charles,† he said. â€Å"I’m sure Dr. Malone will hear you out. Mary, there’s no harm in listening, for goodness’ sake. And it might make all the difference.† â€Å"I thought you were going to Geneva?† she said. â€Å"Geneva?† said Sir Charles. â€Å"Excellent place. Lot of scope there. Lot of money, too. Don’t let me hold you back.† â€Å"No, no, it’s not settled yet,† said Dr. Payne hastily. â€Å"There’s a lot to discuss – it’s all still very fluid. Sir Charles, please sit down. Can I get you some coffee?† â€Å"That would be very kind,† said Sir Charles, and sat again, with the air of a satisfied cat. Dr. Malone looked at him clearly for the first time. She saw a man in his late sixties, prosperous, confident, beautifully dressed, used to the very best of everything, used to moving among powerful people and whispering in important ears. Oliver was right: he did want something. And they wouldn’t get his support unless they satisfied him. She folded her arms. Dr. Payne handed him a mug, saying, â€Å"Sorry it’s rather primitive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Not at all. Shall I go on with what I was saying?† â€Å"Do, please,† said Dr. Payne. â€Å"Well, I understand that you’ve made some fascinating discoveries in the field of consciousness. Yes, I know, you haven’t published anything yet, and it’s a long way – seemingly – from the apparent subject of your research. Nevertheless, word gets around. And I’m especially interested in that. I would be very pleased if, for example, you were to concentrate your research on the manipulation of consciousness. Second, the many-worlds hypothesis – Everett, you remember, 1957 or thereabouts – I believe you’re on the track of something that could take that theory a good deal further. And that line of research might even attract defense funding, which as you may know is still plentiful, even today, and certainly isn’t subject to these wearisome application processes.† â€Å"Don’t expect me to reveal my sources,† he went on, holding up his hand as Dr. Malone sat forward and tried to speak. â€Å"I mentioned the Official Secrets Act; a tedious piece of legislation, but we mustn’t be naughty about it. I confidently expect some advances in the many-worlds area. I think you are the people to do it. And third, there is a particular matter connected with an individual. A child.† He paused there, and sipped the coffee. Dr. Malone couldn’t speak. She’d gone pale, though she couldn’t know that, but she did know that she felt faint. â€Å"For various reasons,† Sir Charles went on, â€Å"I am in contact with the intelligence services. They are interested in a child, a girl, who has an unusual piece of equipment – an antique scientific instrument, certainly stolen, which should be in safer hands than hers. There is also a boy of roughly the same age – twelve or so – who is wanted in connection with a murder. It’s a moot point whether a child of that age is capable of murder, of course, but he has certainly killed someone. And he has been seen with the girl.† â€Å"Now, Dr. Malone, it may be that you have come across one or the other of these children. And it may be that you are quite properly inclined to tell the police about what you know. But you would be doing a greater service if you were to let me know privately. I can make sure the proper authorities deal with it efficiently and quickly and with no stupid tabloid publicity. I know that Inspector Walters came to see you yesterday, and I know that the girl turned up. You see, I do know what I’m talking about. I would know, for instance, if you saw her again, and if you didn’t tell me, I would know that too. You’d be very wise to think hard about that, and to clarify your recollections of what she said and did when she was here. This is a matter of national security. You understand me.† â€Å"Well, there I’ll stop. Here’s my card so you can get in touch. I shouldn’t leave it too long; the funding committee meets tomorrow, as you know. But you can reach me at this number at any time.† He gave a card to Oliver Payne, and seeing Dr. Malone with her arms still folded, laid one on the bench for her. Dr. Payne held the door for him. Sir Charles set his Panama hat on his head, patted it gently, beamed at both of them, and left. When he’d shut the door again, Dr. Payne said, â€Å"Mary, are you mad? Where’s the sense in behaving like that?† â€Å"I beg your pardon? You’re not taken in by that old creep, are you?† â€Å"You can’t turn down offers like that! Do you want this project to survive or not?† â€Å"It wasn’t an offer,† she said hotly. â€Å"It was an ultimatum. Do as he says, or close down. And, Oliver, for God’s sake, all those not-so-subtle threats and hints about national security and so on – can’t you see where that would lead?† â€Å"Well, I think I can see it more clearly than you can. If you said no, they wouldn’t close this place down. They’d take it over. If they’re as interested as he says, they’ll want it to carry on. But only on their terms.† â€Å"But their terms would be†¦ I mean, defense, for God’s sake. They want to find new ways of killing people. And you heard what he said about consciousness: he wants to manipulate it. I’m not going to get mixed up in that, Oliver, never.† â€Å"They’ll do it anyway, and you’ll be out of a job. If you stay, you might be able to influence it in a better direction. And you’d still have your hands on the work! You’d still be involved!† â€Å"But what does it matter to you, anyway?† she said. â€Å"I thought Geneva was all settled?† He ran his hands through his hair and said, â€Å"Well, not settled. Nothing’s signed. And it would be a different angle altogether, and I’d be sorry to leave here now that I think we’re really on to something.† â€Å"What are you saying?† â€Å"I’m not saying – â€Å" â€Å"You’re hinting. What are you getting at?† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He walked around the laboratory, spreading his hands, shrugging, shaking his head. â€Å"Well, if you don’t get in touch with him, I will,† he said finally. She was silent. Then she said, â€Å"Oh, I see.† â€Å"Mary, I’ve got to think of – â€Å" â€Å"Of course you have.† â€Å"It’s not that – â€Å" â€Å"No, no.† â€Å"You don’t understand – â€Å" â€Å"Yes, I do. It’s very simple. You promise to do as he says, you get the funding, I leave, you take over as Director. It’s not hard to understand. You’d have a bigger budget. Lots of nice new machines. Half a dozen more Ph.D.s under you. Good idea. You do it, Oliver. You go ahead. But that’s it for me. I’m off. It stinks.† â€Å"You haven’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But her expression silenced him. She took off her white coat and hung it on the door, gathered a few papers into a bag, and left without a word. As soon as she’d gone, he took Sir Charles’s card and picked up the phone. Several hours later, just before midnight in fact, Dr. Malone parked her car outside the science building and let herself in at the side entrance. But just as she turned to climb the stairs, a man came out of another corridor, startling her so much she nearly dropped her briefcase. He was wearing a uniform. â€Å"Where are you going?† he said. He stood in the way, bulky, his eyes hardly visible under the low brim of his cap. â€Å"I’m going to my laboratory. I work here. Who are you?† she said, a little angry, a little frightened. â€Å"Security. Have you got some ID?† â€Å"What security? I left this building at three o’clock this afternoon and there was only a porter on duty, as usual. I should be asking you for identification. Who appointed you? And why?† â€Å"Here’s my ID,† said the man, showing her a card, too quickly for her to read it. â€Å"Where’s yours?† She noticed he had a mobile phone in a holster at his hip. Or was it a gun? No, surely, she was being paranoid. And he hadn’t answered her questions. But if she persisted, she’d make him suspicious, and the important thing now was to get into the lab. Soothe him like a dog, she thought. She fumbled through her bag and found her wallet. â€Å"Will this do?† she said, showing him the card she used to operate the barrier in the car park. He looked at it briefly. â€Å"What are you doing here at this time of night?† he said. â€Å"I’ve got an experiment running. I have to check the computer periodically.† He seemed to be searching for a reason to forbid her, or perhaps he was just exercising his power. Finally he nodded and stood aside. She went past, smiling at him, but his face remained blank. When she reached the laboratory, she was still trembling. There had never been any more â€Å"security† in this building than a lock on the door and an elderly porter, and she knew why the change had come about. But it meant that she had very little time; she’d have to get it right at once, because once they realized what she was doing, she wouldn’t be able to come back again. She locked the door behind her and lowered the blinds. She switched on the detector and then took a floppy disk from her pocket and slipped it into the computer that controlled the Cave. Within a minute she had begun to manipulate the numbers on the screen, going half by logic, half by guesswork, and half by the program she’d worked on all evening at home; and the complexity of her task was about as baffling as getting three halves to make one whole. Finally she brushed the hair out of her eyes and put the electrodes on her head, and then flexed her fingers and began to type. She felt intensely self-conscious. Hello. I’m not sure what I’m doing. Maybe this is crazy. The words arranged themselves on the left of the screen, which was the first surprise. She wasn’t using a word-processing program of any kind – in fact, she was bypassing much of the operating system – and whatever formatting was imposing itself on the words, it wasn’t hers. She felt the hairs begin to stir on the back of her neck, and she became aware of the whole building around her: the corridors dark, the machines idling, various experiments running automatically, computers monitoring tests and recording the results, the air-conditioning sampling and adjusting the humidity and the temperature, all the ducts and pipework and cabling that were the arteries and the nerves of the building awake and alert†¦ almost conscious in fact. She tried again. I’m trying to do with words what I’ve done before with a state of mind, but Before she had even finished the sentence, the cursor raced across to the right of the screen and printed: ASK A QUESTION. It was almost instantaneous. She felt as if she had stepped on a space that wasn’t there. Her whole being lurched with shock. It took several moments for her to calm down enough to try again. When she did, the answers lashed themselves across the right of the screen almost before she had finished. Are you Shadows? YES. Are you the same as Lyra’s Dust? YES. And is that dark matter? YES. Dark matter is conscious? EVIDENTLY. What I said to Oliver this morning, my idea about human evolution, is it CORRECT. BUT YOU NEED TO ASK MORE QUESTIONS. She stopped, took a deep breath, pushed her chair back, flexed her fingers. She could feel her heart racing. Every single thing about what was happening was impossible. All her education, all her habits of mind, all her sense of herself as a scientist were shrieking at her silently: This is wrong! It isn’t happening! You’re dreaming!And yet there they were on the screen: her questions, and answers from some other mind. She gathered herself and typed again, and again the answers zipped into being with no discernible pause. The mind that is answering these questions isn’t human, is it? NO. BUT HUMANS HAVE ALWAYS KNOWN US. Us? There’s more than one of you? UNCOUNTABLE BILLIONS. But, what are you? ANGELS. Mary Malone’s head rang. She’d been brought up as a Catholic. More than that – as Lyra had discovered, she had once been a nun. None of her faith was left to her now, but she knew about angels. St. Augustine had said, â€Å"Angel is the name of their office, not of their nature. If you seek the name of their nature, it is spirit; if you seek the name of their office, it is angel; from what they are, spirit, from what they do, angel.† Dizzy, trembling, she typed again: And Shadow matter is what we have called spirit? FROM WHAT WE ARE, SPIRIT; FROM WHAT WE DO, MATTER. MATTER AND SPIRIT ARE ONE. She shivered. They’d been listening to her thoughts. And did you intervene in human evolution? YES. Vengeance for – oh! Rebel angels! After the war in Heaven – Satan and the Garden of Eden – but it isn’t true, is it? Is that what you FIND THE GIRL AND THE BOY. WASTE NO MORE TIME. But why? YOU MUST PLAY THE SERPENT. She took her hands from the keyboard and rubbed her eyes. The words were still there when she looked again. Where GO TO A ROAD CALLED SUNDERLAND AVENUE AND FIND A TENT. DECEIVE THE GUARDIAN AND GO THROUGH. TAKE PROVISIONS FOR A LONG JOURNEY. YOU WILL BE PROTECTED. THE SPECTERS WILL NOT TOUCH YOU. But I BEFORE YOU GO, DESTROY THIS EQUIPMENT. I don’t understand. Why me? And what’s this journey? And YOU HAVE BEEN PREPARING FOR THIS AS LONG AS YOU HAVE LIVED. YOUR WORK HERE IS FINISHED. THE LAST THING YOU MUST DO IN THIS WORLD IS PREVENT THE ENEMIES FROM TAKING CONTROL OF IT. DESTROY THE EQUIPMENT. DO IT NOW AND GO AT ONCE. Mary Malone pushed back the chair and stood up, trembling. She pressed her fingers to her temples and discovered the electrodes still attached to her skin. She took them off absently. She might have doubted what she had done, and what she could still see on the screen, but she had passed in the last half-hour or so beyond doubt and belief altogether. Something had happened, and she was galvanized. She switched off the detector and the amplifier. Then she bypassed all the safety codes and formatted the computer’s hard disk, wiping it clean; and then she removed the interface between the detector and the amplifier, which was on a specially adapted card, and put the card on the bench and smashed it with the heel of her shoe, there being nothing else heavy at hand. Next she disconnected the wiring between the electromagnetic shield and the detector, and found the wiring plan in a drawer of the filing cabinet and set light to it. Was there anything else she could do? She couldn’t do much about Oliver Payne’s knowledge of the program, but the special hardware was effectively demolished. She crammed some papers from a drawer into her briefcase, and finally took down the poster with the I Ching hexagrams and folded it away in her pocket. Then she switched off the light and left. The security guard was standing at the foot of the stairs, speaking into his telephone. He put it away as she came down, and escorted her silently to the side entrance, watching through the glass door as she drove away. An hour and a half later she parked her car in a road near Sunderland Avenue. She had had to find it on a map of Oxford; she didn’t know this part of town. Up till this moment she had been moving on pent-up excitement, but as she got out of her car in the dark of the small hours and found the night cool and silent and still all around her, she felt a definite lurch of apprehension. Suppose she was dreaming? Suppose it was all some elaborate joke? Well, it was too late to worry about that. She was committed. She lifted out the rucksack she’d often taken on camping journeys in Scotland and the Alps, and reflected that at least she knew how to survive out of doors; if worse came to worst, she could always run away, take to the hills†¦ Ridiculous. But she swung the rucksack onto her back, left the car, turned into the Banbury Road, and walked the two or three hundred yards up to where Sunderland Avenue ran left from the rotary. She felt almost more foolish than she had ever felt in her life. But as she turned the corner and saw those strange childlike trees that Will had seen, she knew that something at least was true about all this. Under the trees on the grass at the far side of the road there was a small square tent of red and white nylon, the sort that electricians put up to keep the rain off while they work, and parked close by was an unmarked white Transit van with darkened glass in the windows. Better not hesitate. She walked straight across toward the tent. When she was nearly there, the back door of the van swung open and a policeman stepped out. Without his helmet he looked very young, and the streetlight under the dense green of the leaves above shone full on his face. â€Å"Could I ask where you’re going, madam?† he said. â€Å"Into that tent.† â€Å"I’m afraid you can’t, madam. I’ve got orders not to let anyone near it.† â€Å"Good,† she said. â€Å"I’m glad they’ve got the place protected. But I’m from the Department of Physical Sciences – Sir Charles Latrom asked us to make a preliminary survey and then report back before they look at it properly. It’s important that it’s done now while there aren’t many people around. I’m sure you understand the reasons for that.† â€Å"Well, yes,† he said. â€Å"But have you got anything to show who you are?† â€Å"Oh, sure,† she said, and swung the rucksack off her back to get at her purse. Among the items she had taken from the drawer in the laboratory was an expired library card of Oliver Payne’s. Fifteen minutes’ work at her kitchen table and the photograph from her own passport had produced something she hoped would pass for genuine. The policeman took the laminated card and looked at it closely. â€Å"‘Dr. Olive Payne,'† he read. â€Å"Do you happen to know a Dr. Mary Malone?† â€Å"Oh, yes. She’s a colleague.† â€Å"Do you know where she is now?† â€Å"At home in bed, if she’s got any sense. Why?† â€Å"Well, I understand her position in your organization’s been terminated, and she wouldn’t be allowed through here. In fact, we’ve got orders to detain her if she tries. And seeing a woman, I naturally thought you might be her, if you see what I mean. Excuse me, Dr. Payne.† â€Å"Ah, I see,† said Mary Malone. The policeman looked at the card once more. â€Å"Still, this seems all right,† he said, and handed it back. Nervous, wanting to talk, he went on. â€Å"Do you know what’s in there under that tent?† â€Å"Well, not firsthand,† she said. â€Å"That’s why I’m here now.† â€Å"I suppose it is. All right then, Dr. Payne.† He stood back and let her unlace the flap of the tent. She hoped he wouldn’t see the shaking of her hands. Clutching the rucksack to her breast, she stepped through. Deceive the guardian – well, she’d done that; but she had no idea what she would find inside the tent. She was prepared for some sort of archaeological dig; for a dead body; for a meteorite. But nothing in her life or her dreams had prepared her for that square yard or so in midair, or for the silent sleeping city by the sea that she found when she stepped through it. How to cite The Subtle Knife Chapter Twelve, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Availability and Sustainable Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Availability and Sustainable Management. Answer: Introduction Sustainable water and energy management is the driving role of a nation that adapts quick innovation and strategy to build better impact over the counties framework. These are the environmental accounts that take the demographical transition to the effective base of the country. Water has the highest value as the most risk orientation is depended on the availability of this environmental product. Natural water sustainability is the key underpinning function that provides infrastructural necessities and improves the quality of electricity, business, and artificial powers. In this report water and energy sustainability is being discussed and analyzed in comparing to Australia and Saudi Arabia. The approach and incorporated factors regarding this issues and government interventions for this process may surface the appropriate comparison of these factors. Technical innovations and evaluation process from non-governmental sector also make the difference in project implementation and these are also being discussed in this report. The Australian government has taken certain initiation to make sustainable conservation of natural resource in Australia. Water reformation is one such achievement that Australian government has done in recent days. Murray-Darling Basin plan is the sustaining mannerism of ecological function in Australian water reformation (Grafton and Horne 2014). Commonwealth water and environmental progression is the major helping process that provides sustainable future generation of ensuring healthy strong community, power impacts, rivers and food and fiber productions that provides the utmost clearance in the environment. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act is being implemented in a revised way so that strategic assessment form this act determine the impactful condition to sustain those natural waters and energy resources. There are several indigenous programs in Australia that invest maximum achievements and fulfill the developmental change in Australian environmental and economic indicators. In this act, the proposed urban development has been done where six new suburbs have been streamlined and facilities are delivered to the 13000 homes. In case of energy conservation and making good opportunities for the future, a certain process like QVMAG Museum where the reduced energy consumption has been proceeding and those facilities are used by the government for the further understanding (atse.org.au 2017). Heating and cultivation, radiant heater control all these are expected to save the electricity as well as the power consumption for the development of the nation for future implementation. Through all this, estimated process water can be saved by 15,400 KL per year and almost 425,000kWh energy can be saved in a year (Alshuwaikhat et al. 2017). This saved energy and water are the form of good resource for the better fixtures and conditions. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia Government has aimed for the better energy installation and concern over the future energy sustainable condition that may enrich their productiveness in power and natural resource accumulation. There is some technological assistance also used for this mentioned development, however, the implementation of policy and innovative thinking of adjusting the installation process enhance the quality and role of the process. WFES 2017 is the new master plan of Saudi Arabia that impact over the solar and wind process and resultant on the energy and water viability in Saudi Arabia (Thejaps.org.pk 2017). Energy trading and ventures are under this plan and that generated electricity and commits the Independent power purchase to provide huge opportunity in the national economy. UAE solar innovation process is another process for maintaining the energy conservation and support the strategic implementation of the nation (Grindle, Siddiqi and Anadon 2015). Scientific research and technological innovations In case of Australia, research techniques and innovations are being introduced to maintain this process of sustainability of water and energy process. Green Growth is a productive process of water sustainability that provides the consumption of non-renewable energy and continues the use of high-value use. In the aspect of climatic change and estimated population is a concern this strategic change in Australia must enhance the demographical and exponential growth of the nation. Australian agricultural activity is depended on the water usefulness and this management innovation can serve the advancement in technological aspect and water supply and distribution throughout the country. Annual renewable water resource form this innovative implementation figured as 400,000 GL which has been used in manufacturing products, mining sections, urban distribution, agriculture and other issues (Brookes and Carey 2015). R D innovation program is a technological implementation that provides increas ed productivity and mitigates the environmental changes and restores the useful resources. Installation of low energy high-efficiency pumping, groundwater extraction, and monolayer based evaporation reservoir, harvest storm-water, bio-filter stormwater, territory waste water all these are the supply and treatment process that ensures the highest value of the nation by implementing those technological impacts. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia has implemented the government leads plan KAPSARC which revised the climate research method and advances the energy efficiency in global development and aim to lead in the energy market. Technological enhancement like CCS is the major renewable process that created for the development of UAE structural framework. There are certain Saudi universities who have indulged in this process of power and resource gathering where the technical implementation and scientific amalgamation of blending are quite helpful for the development of the country (Ouda 2014). The nation has the potential of converting their oil into gas and energy generation however for the change in the environmental and economic section they have to confront this strategic scientific implementation and technological invention. Initiative took from Non-government organization There are different nongovernmental organizations in Australia who have worked on the best viability of water and power conservation. Water efficiency and the supply of groundwater and capturing the rainwater form stadium roof and applied them in toilet ground is the purpose to mitigate the water effect and sanitation cleaning process. Australian Lutheran World Service, Action Aid Australia, Act for Peace- National Council of Churches Australia all these are the nongovernmental organization and they have the good involvement in this process of acceleration in water and energy viability (Jones 2014). From the implementation of new innovations, daily consumption of water has dropped down in an emphatic manner in different sections. Inver may park tank is being used in this process and 60,000 liters of water has been stored. Possible movement in the fluorescent tube or the change in LED lights is the concern alteration that has also mitigate the energy expenses and conserve the energy i n a good manner (Ghaffour, Missimer and Amy 2013). The annual energy consumption has been reduced to the 100,000kWh per year by the implementation of new strategic changes and technological assistance. In case of Saudi Arabia, development and estimation of nongovernmental organization and their effective indulge situation in the contemporary process of sustainability can provide the strong recommendation in this prospect. The nongovernmental organization like Human Rights Watch, International Islamic Relief Organization, al-Haramain Foundation all these working on the estimating requirement of power and water usage (Marchettini et al. 2014). This is the way of help generation that these organizations have done and implementing the innovation system and provides the best possible way to sustain water and energy in their nation. Projects Exemplar Australian projects like Eco Smart Biz, Community engagement process to provide knowledge about the water and power conservation, different collaboration process to assist the safe and secure water extraction is the wider settlement of innovative programs (environment.gov.au 2017). The Green Effective plan is the kind of exemplar project that provide the operation energy and power of sustainability in water and power section for the implemented strategic change and impose session. On the other hand, Saudi Arabian projects have provided relative strength in mechanism and explore the possible reinforce to the improvement of water and energy viability. The changing process of PV module or the HYSOLAR programs is the creating mannerism that can influence the contribution to the natural resources as well (saudi.gov.sa 2017). In case of exemplar discussion the natural reservoir of water conservations like Saq-Ram, Wajid aquifer is the main source of sustainability of water. Distillation of water pipes and the intervention of the technical aspects are the discursive mart of fulfilling the sustainable criteria. In case of the establishment, the right way of renewable energy sources and the natural water effectiveness with the power of research and technical assistance enhance the process. Conclusion The potential change in water energy and change in the environmental demographic process are featuring the landscape for the efficient measure extension for the sustainable condition of the nation. Water Demand Management and the wise consumption of significant irrational use of water is the application process of convinced measure and educating the judicious use of awareness. If the use of power consumption and wastewater controlling has been done in an effective way then the problem from these issues may be mitigated and urbanized area controlling by supplying water will be more specific and well under control. The issues are same for the Saudi Arabia, as the country has enough demand regarding the oil mines thus the controlling energy through the process and use of that energy for the development of nation and to build more natural water sustainability for the economic, social and environmental efficiency is relevant and important as well for the development of the world. References Alshuwaikhat, H.M., Abubakar, I.R., Aina, Y.A. and Saghir, B., 2017. Networking the Sustainable Campus Awards: Engaging with the Higher Education Institutions in Developing Countries. InHandbook of Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development in Higher Education(pp. 93-107). Springer International Publishing. atse.org.au (2017) Available from: https://www.atse.org.au/Documents/reports/sustainable-water-management-report.pdf [Accessed on 8th October 2017] Brookes, J.D. and Carey, C.C., 2015. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.UN Chronicle,51(4), pp.15-16. environment.gov.au (2017) Available from: https://www.environment.gov.au/water [Accessed on 8th October 2017] Ghaffour, N., Missimer, T.M. and Amy, G.L., 2013. Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability.Desalination,309, pp.197-207. Grafton, R.Q. and Horne, J., 2014. Water markets in the Murray-Darling basin.Agricultural Water Management,145(C), pp.61-71. Grindle, A.K., Siddiqi, A. and Anadon, L.D., 2015. Food security amidst water scarcity: Insights on sustainable food production from Saudi Arabia.Sustainable Production and Consumption,2, pp.67-78. Jones, J.A.A., 2014.Water sustainability: a global perspective. Routledge. Marchettini, N., Brebbia, C.A., Pulselli, R. and Bastianoni, S. eds., 2014.The Sustainable City IX: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability (2 Volume Set)(Vol. 191). Wit Press. Ouda, O.K., 2014. Impacts of agricultural policy on irrigation water demand: A case study of Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Water Resources Development,30(2), pp.282-292. saudi.gov.sa (2017) Available from: https://www.saudi.gov.sa/wps/portal/snp/pages/sustainableDevelopment/!ut/p/z0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8zifQxNHT2c3Q18DELc3Qwc_dwtPCzNjA38vQ30g1Pz9AuyHRUB0Yekqg!!/ [Accessed on 7th October 2017] Thejaps.org.pk (2017) Available from: https://thejaps.org.pk/docs/21-3/8.pdf [Accessed on 7th October 2017]

Friday, November 29, 2019

The Importance of Voting Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Voting Essay If you were to ask me a few years ago why voting was important, I wouldnt really have the proper grasp as to why you should. A few years ago, what was on television that night was important to me, American politics were only the video clips that my father watched on the news before I was able to take over with MTV and vegetate mindlessly. Politics was a very foreign concept to me; I always saw it as a very complicated issue. Perhaps due to the fact that whenever a child asked an adult, What is the difference between a Democrat and a Communist? They would give some round about response totally evading the actual answer, only so they could be politically correct and protect any actual real information entering their childs head, for example, they reply with, Well dear, its quite confusing. If people would actually take the time and effort to explain the differences from the previous hypothetical (because there are really so few), our government would be more supported by the people it is supposed to support. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Voting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Aside from the past Election of 2000, voting is really important. Voting gives the population an equal opportunity completely blind of race, sex, origin, etc. to actually contribute; free from all of the vices our society holds. To go to the voting booth is to say, I care enough about the welfare of my country to come down here to contribute to the progression of a wonderful capitalist society, Americas. (Now if you really want to contribute to a great capitalist society, just remember this handy rule of thumb, Got an R? You get a hole.) Also, if you dont vote, then dont complain. The most pathetic and disgusting thing about democracy is the people that abuse it. If you dont vote, then you have no room to moan and groan about the person elected, and can you guess why? Well, for starters, if you dont vote, you really dont deserve to call your self an American citizen. Keep in mind that millions of people (not just Americans) have died so we can all vote. To not vote is to say that you dont care about the future of this country, and hair appointments are not a good excuse. Not to mention, if you dont vote, and you complain, you are insulting your sorry-little-self further. You are essentially saying that, Well not only do I not care about my country, but I am ignorant enough to not realize The Importance of Voting Essay, and I am going to continue to make a fool out of myself my saying that that person should not have been elected when I dont even really understand or care about the election itself! I am not even going to go into all the factors of how voting creates a good economy, by creating jobs, and tons of other economic growth and expansion opportunity, but, it does. So moving on, voting is possibly one of the most important aspects of democracy. Do you think that Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson sat around thinking of the line up for who would run the country for the next century or so? Well newsflash, they didnt. Democracy isnt like the Draft Pick where they strategically know who they want as a quarterback for Detroit. An election provides an opportunity for even people like the water-boy to pick the star player, and his administration of course. So the bottom line is voting is important because it is all the people as a whole have. Without it we have no voice, and with it we can scream as loud as we want. .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 , .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 .postImageUrl , .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 , .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94:hover , .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94:visited , .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94:active { border:0!important; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94:active , .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94 .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b917f471a781786fa6e0bd1d5539d94:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Instant global radio, or Web radio, is the latest EssayBibliography: .

Monday, November 25, 2019

Ethics on Our Nation essays

Ethics on Our Nation essays The atrocious deeds taken against Germany in the first World War can only be described as unacceptable. It is clear to me that from the beginning of the war the United States undeniably favored Great Britain and France over Germany. The Germans were much more considerate than the British and would have been a great potential ally for the United States. Shortly after war broke out in Europe, Great Britain, unable to beat Germanys dominant ground forces, took a different approach to the war. The British navy, known for being one of the finest, blockaded the German coast and prevented all goods from coming in. American ships trying to make trade with Germany were sunk or confiscated. No trouble was ever given to the British for such actions. When Germany responded to the blockade with a blockade of their own, American ships that were sunk or confiscated were thought of as being dealt an immoral act. When the war on the land was at a stalemate and blockading enemy ports was no longer affective, the vast powers of Europe came up with an alternative plan. Britain was the first to enact such an unbearable alternative. A War zone was Britains answer to their problem. A mass of the Atlantic Ocean was taken by the British and was declared as prohibited for any ships to travel through. The ocean mass was strewn with mines that if any ship dared to travel through it, it would suffer heavy damage. The British allowed only one day for this war zone to come into effect. When Germany reacted to the prohibited zone with one of their own, they allowed fifteen days for all ships to steer clear of their zone. They even issued a warning stating that neutral ships entering the war zone were vulnerable to getting sunk. Both war zones were responsible for sinking American ships and shedding American blood. Only Germanys actions were publicized. The last irrational action taken by the United States was actually de...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Recruitment, Training, and Compensation Research Paper

Recruitment, Training, and Compensation - Research Paper Example Currently, it is also involved in selling of varieties of pharmaceutical products as well as in extensive medical research & development activities in serving various divisions in the field of healthcare. The operations of the company currently comprises of three segments including consumer-packaged goods, medical devices and diagnostics as well as the pharmaceuticals in over 60 countries. Furthermore, in its recent status, there are around 128,000 employees working in the organization (Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., 2013). Recruitment and Selection Strategies There are several components/steps of the J&J recruiting and selection strategy. This strategy was developed to facilitate multi-country operations. The components are discussed below. The first thing that must be accomplished is focus on facilitating temporary candidates with the aim to assist them in gaining adequate experiences in on-boarding processes conducted in the international circuits (Johnson & Johnson, 2013). Thi s shall further drive the employees towards progressing and attaining growth within the working environment of the organization. The program should also assist J&J in building strong internal connections with the virtues of multidimensional communication among leaders having global and regional experiences. The organization should also look forward to provide an opportunity for students who aspire to apply their skills and knowledge for the challenges assigned for the business of the organization. The second thing that must be accomplished is rendering a diverse set of employment growth opportunities to the potential candidates. J&J has been practicing its recruitment and selection strategies through the implementation of its International Recruitment and Development Program (IRDP). The company usually recruits eligible candidates from top business schools located in Europe and USA, with the assistance of recruiters placed locally. Interviews are placed for the candidates in the pri mary stage of the selection process. After the preliminary rounds of interview, the management at the top level is engaged in the process of selection of the most potential candidates in the next level of the recruitment process. It is worth mentioning in this contest that J&J perceives a pro-active role in the development of leaders in their necessary skills which is believed to help the organization in focusing on its values and mission deciphering greater effectiveness (Johnson & Johnson, 2013). Contextually, with its IRDP initiative, the company should also aim at rendering a diverse set of employment opportunities to individuals from MBA as well as from other graduate level students for incorporating permanent leadership growth in the organization. The third thing that must be accomplished is substantial effectiveness in its employee relations and management. It is in this context that with the recruitment and selection process as described above, J&J should focus on becoming m ore efficient in selecting employees from various cultures and therefore creating a diverse working environment to respond more effectively towards the demands and requirements of different consumer groups. Contextually, with the virtues of technological advancements and cross cultural sustainability, it shall become easier and quite encouraging for candidates to adapt to the working environment and continuously perform better owing to which, greater heights can be

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Unit 4 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 4 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE - Research Paper Example These accomplishments mean that nothing is impossible and everyone has a right and the law can protect them from being harmed as long as the victim reports the battery and violence (Janovicek, 2011). The integration of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual (LGBT) individuals into the U.S. military is a long-standing and politically and socially divisive issue. Why do you believe there is so much controversy surrounding this issue? Provide examples to support your discussion. People do not believe that an LGBT soldier is as effective in the combatant field as a heterosexual soldier. The controversy is being based on myths and information that is not factual. People who are yet to openly accept any LGBT are still the ones with problems of them serving in the army. Closeted LGBTs still served in the army without any hindrance of duty until they came out openly and that is when they were regarded as being incompetent soldiers (McDonald and Parks, 2013). People have to look at research facts and carry out more research on the LGBT soldiers in their army. They are no less competent that heterosexual ones and others are even better and have made high ranks (Kingston, 2012). The same way heterosexual soldiers exercise restraint of their sexuality in active duty even with having opposite sex soldiers is the same way the LGBTs exercise restraint. No rape cases by LGBT have been reported in the military and this should be the guiding point to end the

Monday, November 18, 2019

Book of Daniel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Book of Daniel - Research Paper Example The Commencing of counting according to the text is in the year 458 BC, which is the seventh year of the King Artaxerxes of Persia. The king, during this year, issues an order that Ezra begins his journey to Jerusalem on the first day of the first month. According to  current calendars, it would be 8th of April1. The beginning of the Christian The Christian era began soon after 457 years and nine months of this time. At around the time of 26 AD, John the Baptist  starts his assigned ministry and he baptizes Jesus who later the same year began his ministry too. The prophecy dictates that the Messiah or the anointed one’s killing would be on the seventieth week or after three and a half years. During this time, the city and the temple of Jerusalem would face destruction. Daniel was a captive of Babylon since 606 BC before he came an understanding that the captivity would last 70 years while reading Jeremiah’s prophecies. As Daniel was praying for the restoration and r edeeming of his people, the Angel of the Lord came to him and made it clear the exact time of the long- awaited Messianic Kingdom. The following is a detailed verse-to-verse, word-to-word explanation of the prophecy of the coming of the Messiah2. Verse 24 states that, â€Å"Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and  thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and anoint the most holy.† The verse specifically reveals that time of accomplishment of the prophecy is 70 weeks. The number seventy is very symbolic in this text and not just a number. First, seventy is a multiple of ten and according to Genesis 31:7 signifies completeness. Secondly, seven is a number that signifies divine perfection as stated in Genesis 2:3. The punishment of sin being the suffering for 70 years and response to Peters question on Forgiveness that we s hould forgive until 70 times is a major theme in this verse. It is clear that transgression and sin will be common until the emergence of the Messianic Kingdom. According to the Hebrews, the word week meant years or weeks of days (Shabuim Yomim). Therefore, seventy weeks meant 70 times 7 or 490 years until fulfilment. Only Jesus of Nazareth fulfilled the prediction of a holy ruler in a perfect kingdom. His own people or those of the Anointed One (Acts 10:38) and the Holy one are his children, and the fruit of his travail on the cross. Through free justification by Grace and anointment under the new covenant, they become just as righteous as he is (I John 3:5-7). The spotless Lamb slain before the world began (Revelation 13:8), who from the beginning to the end of this world, all sin-ended, reconciliation and atonement achieved, Abraham rejoiced on seeing (John 8:56). According to Hebrews 3:1 the holy brethren or otherwise referred to as saints in Romans 1:7 comprise the true temple of God (I Corinthians 3:16, 17) that is also the body of Christ according to Ephesians 1:22 and 233. Coming of Messiah In verse 25, â€Å"Know, therefore, and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Common Assessment Framework

The Common Assessment Framework The Common Assessment Framework is used by various professionals and agencies to use one process of sharing information and integrate working on a young person (revise re-word more info) The CAF process is seen as a core element in integrated working and promotes more effective use of time used to assess young people, seen by many as a universal and neutral system used by all agencies. The CAF emerged from the 2003 Green Paper Every Child Matters which marked a policy of the integration of practitioners and services. (Wise, C, Harrison, R, 2005) Requirements before starting the CAF As undertaken the role of a youth worker I chose Candi (my 16 year old daughter who lives with her mother from a previous marriage) as the young person I would like to help fill in the CAF form. In the case of the assessment undertaken for the assignment, it was explained to Candi the purpose and outcome of the assessment and she was not being formally assessed, and that the process was to critically evaluate the CAF and set out the module guide and shown to Candi, although unsure at first, Candi was happy to proceed. I choose Candi as the candidate because of the fact of the young people who I practice with are young offenders and because of their court orders, they identities need to be guarded and a majority of the young people flatly refused to take part. The question is asked of what led to the assessment of the young person which has to clear and an agreed statement by all involved and if any other agencies that are involved with the young person including the young person and families/carers. Key areas of the CAF is to try and engage the young person with families in the process and try and develop a better understanding of the process and indentify the young persons needs at the earliest perceivable stage, however, with most agencies and services, a majority of families are reluctant and wary of sharing information especially if persons have been involved with any agencies and services in the past. This reluctance is why the young person and family must have the full understanding of the whole process and the benefits so the training of the practitioner must be full and up-to-date (revise) however as a youth worker and assessing the young person, the practitioner has to keep own values and standards apart if Im talking to a particular person, it is not a question of trying to lead to my values, but often to try express some different values (Smith, M, 1994) Candi has never been involved with any agencies before or assessed officially by any services before, when asked how she would feel about being formally assessed she said she would feel frightened and very nervous of the process and even with her mother present she would be frightened to say the wrong thing in case of herself or parents into trouble. If there is two or more services involved with the young person, a team would be arranged around the child meeting and then the lead professional would be identified, (reword) however there is a reluctance to become the lead practitioner in the CAF process as that practitioner becomes the bench mark for any further action taken by future agencys or professionals, the reluctance is out of fear of making mistakes from the pressure of lead practitioner. (revise) Current family and home situation While filling this section, Candi felt unsure how to answer the question and looked towards her mother for approval, before giving any personal details about family. This section can difficult for the young person if under 16 and a parent or carer is present, before the assessment is carried out, there are no details of the present family situation whether problems are evident or not, Candi lives as part of a one parent family with her younger sister who is 11 years old and times can difficult with looking after her while her mother works, however some young children come from broken homes with various amount of difficulties or living in childrens home, or with friends which only can build as the young persons anxiety. Agency involvement with young person The assessment process used when carrying out can be very intimidating and very personal, however family or carer support is crucial throughout as personal and private information is obtain, plus information of any agency involvement, doctors, health visitors, connexions and any educational provision and so-forth can to hard to ascertain at the time of the assessment with the young person. Candi found personal details The process of the CAF tries to consider a Varity of ethical issues with over 30 answers to the question of ethnicity which can be a personal and confusing question to ask to ask a young person. So it is preferred to ask the family or young person to self define their ethnicity and no assumptions should be made by the practitioner. (revise) Development of the young person To try and ascertain the development of the young person with worries/needs and strengths/resources a variety of information (revise) involving health, emotional and self esteem with among others which can be difficult to try and collect information about unless if in close contact through personal contact through different circumstances with a more impersonal atmosphere to get to know the young person has a more trusting surrounding. Candi found this section hard to explain, especially about her emotions. Candi did not understand why these questions needed to be asked and their purpose. It was explained emotion needs are important part of a young persons development and any worries or needs had to be ascertained in order to help the young person and not (revise) A majority of young people when asked about the Common Assessment framework and what the process was used for would be unsure unless the young person has been explained what the process can be used to try improve areas of life improvement (revise) and improve personal development, however if explained how it may involve a child protection or safeguarding procedures if certain aspects should arise during the assessment process, which could cause concern to the young person, the young person could not be as forth-coming with personal information about family life in general, and especially if the parent or carer is involved in the process. However, the whole process is for the positive aspiration welfare of the young person. (revise) Parents and carers Information gathered in the section entitled Parents and carers involving information including basic care, emotion warm and boundaries for example can be very personal to the young person and the parent/carer could interfere with any question asked. As with most young people, personal information including emotions can be quite hard to divulge especially if the young person is experiencing life stages including puberty and adolescence. (revise) Family and environmental Family and environmental functions including the well-being of the young person plus resources including education but financial consideration can a delicate subject however can give a valuable insight to family matters. Financial difficulty can cause an array of problems which influence social and personal development of the young person either by not enrolling into further education or by ascendance of parents/carers working unsociable and unpractical hours causing family disruption in the family home.(revise) Candi found this part difficult to fill in considering the relationship with ourselves and her mother being there during the assessment. I felt Candi did not answer the questions totally honestly and to her fullest (revise) Well-being scale Well-being scale of the child/person by the assessor and the well-being scale 0-10 given by the parent/carer is also used too which can regarded as a redundant tool as a number of different factors can influence the scale however a general indication by the parent/carer on their opinion of the young persons well-being however it can never give a true reflection (revise) Improvement and review Improvement and review which includes the views of the parent/carer/young person (revise) Young persons goals Young persons personal goals and general view of assessment (revise) Practitioners goals Practitioners goals and view of assessment (revise) Conclusions, solutions and actions Conclusions, solutions and actions is the table or a chance to indentify key areas for change with recommended actions by the whom and estimated time of action which should have all those involved working towards the same agenda and encourage families to what is happening as easier progress is to be made. Specific goals are to be made either short or long term but still be specific in the review time. The view and thoughts of the young person should be evident throughout the process and capture any comments which are relevant and helpful, adolescence is therefore seen, as youth workers, as a moment of questioning a moment in which young people reflect critically in their sense of self, their beliefs and values (Young, K, 1999 p.28) The CAF process can help identify needs at an early stage and help education authorities achieve better engagement with young person and with school attendance; future academic aspiration and help the young person improve health and family relationships with siblings and parents/carers. Noted on bottom of CAF form is a note of exceptional circumstances and significant harm to the young person which asks the question of following safeguard procedures if at any time the practitioner feels that there is an issue. Those who work with young people have a responsibility to safeguard and promote their welfare (C. Wise Harrison. R, 2005 p33), this is an important issue for any practitioner or person who works with a young and is an important responsibility and requires vigilance (reword) and attention to the young person who may not be fulfilling the needs and development potential. (C. Wise Harrison, R, 2005)

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Handguns in America: To Ban or Not to Ban Essay -- argumentative, persu

Handguns in America: To ban or not to ban. Americans should be able to have, own and carry handguns if they feel the need to protect them. It’s a statement that is a topic of major debate and has been for years. There are proponents and oppositionists with regards to handgun laws and rights. Both sides have strong, seemingly valid arguments. In the end, we should have that choice. One of the strongest arguments for banning handguns: An increase in the availability of handguns equals an increase in crimes using handguns. â€Å"Handguns were used in murder more than all other weapons combined.† Page 75 (Every handgun is aimed at you) Josh Sugarman is for banning handguns arguing, the higher number of handguns, and the higher number of crime. That fact may be accurate according to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports. However, who is to say about the likely hood of the murder occurring regardless if the gun was available or not. If someone has a gun, they are more likely going to use it. But if someone is murder-minded, they will commit the murder, regardless of the weapon. To argue this point further, John R. Lott Jr. in his book The Bias Against Guns, mentions a study from 1977 to 1992. The research showed that the states that adopted right to conceal laws had a decrease in crimes with guns immediately following the passing of those laws. (pg 228 the bias against guns) Suicide and handguns: â€Å"†¦.the ready availability of handguns in the moments of despair takes thousands of lives each year.† (page 35 Every handgun is aimed at you) The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention states that: â€Å"Firearms account for 50 percent of all suicides. Death by firearms is the fastest growing method of suicide.† Just as the murder-minded individual h... ...ection of this site, deals specifically with statistics on firearms and suicide rates. Sowell, Thomas. "RealClearPolitics - Judges, the Constitution & Gun Control Laws." RealClearPolitics. Creators Syndicate Inc., 29 June 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2012. The author is a general columnist and writes political articles including publishing weekly articles in Forbes magazine. He is a respected top economist. His article shows the author’s view on how stricter laws will increase gun violence. Sugarmann, Josh. Every Handgun Is Aimed at You: The Case for Banning Handguns. New York: New, 2001. Print. The author is the executive director/founder of Violence Policy Center. He has published two books on the subject of guns and has written many articles for several newspapers across the country. This book looks at gun violence in America and why we should completely ban handguns.

Monday, November 11, 2019

History of the Periodic Table Essay

Explain how scientific observations led to the development of, and changes to, the periodic table. -Dmitri Mendeleev- first periodic table, organized 63 known elements according to properties, organized into rows and columns and wrote name, mass, and chemical properties on each -Julius Lothar Meyer- independently worked in Germany, similar to Mendeleev -Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley- Worked with Ernest Rutherford, experimented with 38 metals, he found that the positive charge of each element’s nucleus increased by one from element to element as they were arranged in Mendeleev’s periodic table, lead to modern definition of atomic number (# of protons in atom’s nucleus) and the recognition the atomic number was basis for organization of periodic table. Describe the organization of the modern periodic table. Arranged from left to right in rows (periods) by increasing atomic number and top to bottom in columns (groups) based on similar chemical properties Lesson 03.02: Group Names and Properties Compare and contrast the properties of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. -Metals- good conductors of heat and electricity and reflect light and heat, most luster (shine) and most are malleable (hammered or rolled into sheets) -Non-metals- poor conductors of heat and electricity, most are gas at room temperature, those that are solid are not malleable -Metalloids- a semiconductor (conduct electricity better than non-metals but not as good as metals), some characteristics of metals but more like nonmetals Identify groups and sections of the periodic table by group name and common properties. 3.02 notes Lesson 03.03: Periodic Trends Describe and explain the trends for effective nuclear charge, atomic radius, ionic radius, and ionization energy across a period and down a group. -Effective Nuclear Charge- the charge (from the nucleus) felt by the valence electrons after you have taken into account the number of shielding electrons that surround the nucleus. -Atomic radius- half the distance  between the centers of two atoms of that element that are bonded together -Ionization Energy- the energy required to remove one electron from an element, resulting in a positive ion. -Ionic radius- One-half the diameter of an ion. A positive ion is called a cation, and a negative ion is called an anion. Nonmetals usually become anions and metals usually become cations. Predict the properties of an element based on the known patterns of the periodic table. Use periodic table Describe and explain the periodic trends for electron affinity (honors). Electron affinity-The energy involved when a neutral atom gains an electron Becomes more negative (more energy is given off) for each element across a period from Group 1 to Group 17 because of an increase in effective nuclear charge. Becomes less negative (more positive) going down a group, because each electron is being added to a higher energy level farther from the nucleus. Explain the exceptions to the trend across a period for ionization energy (honors). Noble gases in Group 18 all have positive electron affinity values. The noble gases must be forced to gain an electron because they already have a full valence energy level. The alkaline earth metals in Group 2 and the nonmetals in Group 15 both have electron affinity values close to zero due to electron repulsion and effective nuclear charge. Nitrogen, in Group 15, does not form a stable -1 ion because when an additional electron is added to nitrogen’s valence energy level, it is added to a 2p orbital that already has one electron. The weak attraction between the added electron and nitrogen’s nucleus is why there is not much energy given off. Lesson 03.04: Valence Electrons and Bonding Define and compare ionic and covalent bonding. -Ionic Bond- A chemical bond that results from electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions, electrons are given up by one atom and gained by another atom, and then those atoms are attracted to each other.  Between a metal and nonmetal. -Covalent bond- Electrons are shared between two atoms, neither atom completely gains or loses electrons. Between two nonmetals. Relate your knowledge of the periodic trends to the chemical bonding exhibited by various elements. Lesson 03.05: Ionic Bonding and Writing Formulas Determine an element’s ionic charge based on its location on the periodic table. Group 1- 1+ Group 2- 2+ Group 3- 3+ Group 4- 4+ Group 5- 3- Group 6- 2- Group 7- 1- Group 8- non-reactive noble gases Write the correct ionic formula when given two elements that bond ionically. Use question above and periodic table Lesson 03.06: Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures Determine how many covalent bonds an atom needs in order to fill its valence shell, using the periodic table. Must get to 8 valance electrons. Ex. Group 17 needs one more valance electron; group 6 needs 2 more valance electrons Draw correct Lewis structures to model covalently bonded molecules when given the name or formula of the molecule. Describe your observations and conclusions from the virtual lab. Lesson 03.07: Intermolecular Forces Use VSEPR theory to predict the shape of a molecule based on its Lewis structure. The VSEPR theory is about geometry of compounds and electron location. Compare and contrast intermolecular forces (London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and ion-dipole). London dispersion forces occur between all molecules and particles but are the only force of attraction between nonpolar molecules or noble gas atoms. These forces are the weakest of the intermolecular forces. The London dispersion forces are caused by the motion of electrons. Dipole-dipole forces are electrostatic interactions of permanent dipoles in polar molecules. The attractive forces that occur between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule tend to align the molecules to increase the attraction. Hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong dipole-dipole interaction in which hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative element, and attracted to the very electronegative element in another molecule. It occurs only in molecules containing N-H, O-H or F-H bonds. Ion-dipole forces are attractive forces that result from the electrostatic attraction between an ionic compound and a polar molecule. This interaction is most commonly found in solutions, especially in solutions of ionic compounds in polar solvents, such as water. Identify the intermolecular forces experienced by different compounds. Intramolecular Forces: The forces of attraction that occur between individual molecules. Lesson 03.08: Naming Compounds Correctly name covalent compounds, ionic compounds, and acids when given their formulas. A metal forms a positive ion (cation) and a nonmetal forms a negative ion (anion). The cation and anion combine to form an ionic compound, more specifically referred to as a binary ionic compound. Write the formulas for ionic compounds, covalent compounds, and acids from their names. Name hydrates or write the formula of a hydrate when given its name (honors). Same prefixes Lesson 03.09: Molar Mass of Compounds Calculate the molar mass of compounds from the formula. Determine empirical formulas from percent by mass or mass data. Empirical formula: The formula of a compound in which the subscripts represent the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms. Determine the molecular formula from the empirical formula and molar mass of a substance. No clue Calculate the molar mass of a hydrate and determine the formula of a hydrate from experimental data (honors). H2O- 18.015 Determine the empirical formula of a compound from the mass of the products  produced in experimental reactions (honors).

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Beliefs, Philosophy and Religion

One of the most notable conflicts that have been debated by many scholars since the medieval ages is the controversy regarding the place of philosophy and religion in a society. The two have been used to attack each other in order to uphold their own credibility. The study of Philosophy is directed towards the speculation of the things that govern the world and its processes, and the nature of man and his relationship with other individuals as well as with the world (Gasset, 1964). Philosophy attempts to scrutinize and make rational explication of almost everything that can be grasped by the human mind.Yet, it does not really provide sufficient and concrete answers to all its queries. Religion, on the other hand, focuses its scope on explaining things and phenomena that cannot be explained by science and at some point even those that cannot really be made explicit by philosophy. It tries to give reason for everything that is happening. Its justification for every reason that it provi des is primarily founded on faith (Nasr, 1996). Hence, by faith, it need not be verifiable. A strong faith or believe could suffice one’s doubt and hesitation. However, philosophy would not really admit faith as the justification of something.Reason cannot be supported by merely appealing to one’s faith (Leahy, 2003). Philosophy moves away from dogmatism, which is a character present in religion. Philosophy has a character of skepticism. This means that not unless something is proven to be certain (that which is indubitable or cannot be doubted) philosophy would recognize its validity (Heidegger, 1956). It entails careful and keen analysis of the subject that is being studied. Whereas in religion, it is enough that someone has faith on something in order for it to become valid (Nasr, 1996).These are the most common distinctions that distinguish philosophy from religion. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how philosophy and religion are realized in particular Schoo ls of Thought that influence China namely: Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism/Taoism. This paper will also compare and contrast these three Schools of Thoughts with Christianity by appealing to their own definitions of Philosophy and Religion. Schools of Thought Confucianism Confucianism is an anthology of ethical values and beliefs that is often equated with religion.These values and beliefs were rooted and developed from the teachings of one of the great thinkers in China, Confucius. His teachings and philosophy were used as the foundations of laws and way of government China and later on in other Asian regions (Chai & Chai, 1973). The teachings of Confucius, like that of Socrates, were neither formally written nor published. Yet his students and disciples made the spread of his teachings. However, according to the Chinese History, most of the recordings of the Confucian teachings were burned up at some point in the Qin Dynasty (Chai & Chai, 1973).Hence, there was a conflict of int erpretation of the Confucian teachings that is evident in various strands of Confucianism. The rebirth of Confucianism was made during the Han Dynasty. It was the motivation for instituting the laws and set of rules of China. Nonetheless, it again faded after the fall of the Han Dynasty wherein Buddhism was introduced to China. Only in the seventh century that Confucianism was revived (Elman, 2002). The chief ideas that the Confucian teachings has were directed toward the ruler, upper class and scholars.Such is a great difference between Confucianism and Buddhism where the latter aims to include the common masses. The instillation of virtues to rulers and noble men is the most original concept in the Confucian teachings. The Golden Rule (Do not do unto others what you do not want others do unto you) is its most celebrated principle that which promotes harmony among all people (Chai & Chai, 1973). With this, Confucianism detests war and the employment of too many laws. Confucianism u pholds its defined five most fundamental relationships which entails varying responsibilities.These relationships include husband and wife, parent and child (filial piety), the elders and the younger ones, ruler and subject, and friendship (Elman, 2002). Among these five, filial piety is the most important relationship that is nevertheless accentuated these days in contemporary China. Lastly, Confucianism puts high regard with the notions of Heaven’s decree, Great Men and Saints, as well as in performing rituals or Li. Buddhism As mentioned earlier, Buddhism’s teachings are directed towards the general populace (Ch'en, 1972).The very concept of Buddhism is founded on the idea of the Enlightenment (wherein Buddha is said to be the Enlightened One). From then on, the goal of Buddhism is to bring man into Perfect Enlightenment or Nirvana (Hanh, 1999). Siddhartha Gautama is the Buddha. He reached nirvana or the enlightenment period through passionate contemplation. Reachin g nirvana would make one free from hunger and selfish desires. It also marks the end of suffering. Once one reaches the enlightenment period, his mind will have everlasting peace (Hanh, 1999). Buddhism advocates the method of truthful inquiry. It tells man not to be overwhelmed by their blind faith.It teaches man to become open-minded and skeptic about the things around him. In accordance with this suggested way of inquiry, Buddhism has established the Four Noble Truths. This tells man that: 1. ) all forms of being, human and other wise are afflicted with suffering, 2. ) the cause of suffering is craving (an illusion of the soul), 3. ) suffering has a lasting end in the experience of nirvana, and 4. ) enlightenment is achieved by a gradual training of the Eightfold Path. These eightfold path is directed towards the clearing of mind and action from indulgence and lustful desires (Ch'en, 1972).Buddhism does not believe in a God or the likes. There is no one that can fully control oneà ¢â‚¬â„¢s own self than him alone. Thus, one has the full responsibility of himself and his actions. And these are not predetermined by a Supreme Being. The concept of Karma is also one of the most distinct features in Buddhism (Ch'en, 1972). It pertains to the belief that all actions have subsequent consequences that are directed to the acting agent. Karma can be a good one or bad one. It depends on the nature of the action performed that produced the consequence that is reflected on the performer of such action.The concept of Rebirth can be best understood by appealing to the principle or doctrine of Karma (Hanh, 1999). Taoism/Daoism Taoism is a school of thought pioneered by Lao Tze or Lao Tzu, also one of the great thinkers in China. Taoism means the path or the way of living to obtain a harmonious relationship with the world and all its definitive processes (Po-Tuan, 2001). Taoism was started as simple philosophical discourse but eventually evolved and took the form of religion. One of its beliefs is the concept of Tao which is defined as the root cause of everything.Tao motivated the rise of the Yin Yang which causes the formation of the universe. Taoism highlights that man should live in harmony with the nature (Po-Tuan, 2001). And only when man achieves such harmony that he will leave in peace and prosperity. Taoism maintains the principle of Wu Wei or non-action which means that man should not go against the nature and must instead go with its operation (Taoist Association of China, 2002). Man need not act since the nature will do the action provided that man lives in harmony with it. Unlike, Buddhism, Taoism believes in multiple Gods.It has hierarchy of Gods that represents system of government in the ancient China (Taoist Association of China, 2002). The ethics defined in Taoism is represented by the three Jewels that which symbolizes compassion, moderation and humility (Po-Tuan, 2001). Taoism encourages the people to examine their way of living by f irst making them realize that living with accordance to nature would mean peace. It also suggests that man should not overly use his being a man. It says that man should prioritize his needs and lessen his wants and desires. Lastly, it orders man not to become egocentric and egotistic.Christianity in China Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are the prevailing religions in China. Before the entrance of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism are two most notable and most patronized religions in China (Legge, 2004). In fact, the two seemed to be opponents of each other primarily because of their consistent difference on particular viewpoints and issues. But the penetration of Buddhism marks a turning point with regards to the religious inclinations in China. When Buddhism entered China, it signaled the redistribution and reconstruction of religions all throughout China.Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism have been even combined at particular regions to serve as one religion. Hence, Chinaâ€⠄¢s religion cannot really be said to be concentrated with one of its three most recognized religions (Legge, 2004). In the seventh century A. D. , Christianity was introduced to China (during the Ming Dynasty) (Bays, 1999). Christianity is a very different religion as compared to the earlier religions in China. From then on, Christianity has been said to be the fastest growing religion in China. It is recorded that 40 million to 100 million of population in China are either Catholic or Protestant.This means that China has started to embrace the western religion that is very unlike with their traditional and ancient religions (Bays, 1999). The arrival of Robert Morrison in China has started the spread of Christianity towards China. The Bible has been even translated to Chinese in order to communicate with Chinese people and for them to have easy access to it. Since then, several Christian missionaries have visited and taught the doctrine of the Christian Faith (Bays, 1999). Christia nity The most celebrated feature of Christianity is the fact that it deifies one God. This God is the cause of everything and the director of everything.All man’s action is caused by this all-powerful and all-knowing God. But these descriptions do not suffice the notion of the Christian God. The concept of the Holy Trinity, salvation, and life after death are also included in the doctrine of the Christian Faith (Borg, 2004). The story of Jesus Christ and His death on the Cross is also the highlights of the Christian Faith (Borg, 2004). It represents the martyrdom of the Son of the God in order to save mankind. All in all, the Christian Faith equates all the happening in this world to what God has originally ordained to occur.And no one can interfere nor change what God has decreed. God and Fate or Destiny have been often characterized as the same thing (Borg, 2004). But the former has the most perfect and powerful character. Analysis: Compare and Contrast Confucianism and Chr istianity Among the other school of thoughts (discussed in this paper), Confucianism is the most compatible religion with Christianity. They both advocate that Heaven’s decree is the most fundamental source of order in the world (Chai & Chai, 1973). Only that, in Confucianism, there is no stress given to a god or a deity to be worshipped (Elman, 2002).Such obedience is directed to the Heaven itself. Whereas in Christianity, there is a God that is the end of one’s being obedient (Borg, 2004). As mentioned in the introduction, the defining mark that distinguishes philosophy from religion is the fact that the former repudiates dogmas that tend to confine and limits one’s way of thinking while the latter deliberately suggests and recommends particular doctrines in which one needs not to be certain of (Leahy, 2003). Philosophy speculates and examines the very concept of faith which is often used to justify religions and their established tenets.The belief of the Conf ucianism and the Christianity about the notion of Heaven’s decree obviously falls under the sphere of religion. It is primarily because the existence of such decree from heaven cannot be verified or confirmed yet can be justified through faith. Yet philosophy does not admit such finality. As cited, philosophy is still at the period of examining the very nature of faith as a source of justification of knowledge (Gasset, 1964). With regards to ethical patterns included in the Confucian and Christian faith implies that man should be virtuous in order for him to have a harmonious life.Yet both have different ways of looking at the concept of a harmonious life. For Confucianism, a harmonious life is the achievement of order in human relationships (Chai & Chai, 1973). On the contrary, for Christians, a harmonious life is being free from sins which separate man from God (Borg, 2004). Seemingly Confucian notion of a harmonious life is philosophic in nature which really explains how h armony could be affected by human relationships – that is verifiable and can be validated. Conversely, the Christian notion of a harmonious relationship is really superficial and metaphysical.One cannot really confirm the truthfulness of such statement. And it cannot even be explained by reasoning. But only faith can support it. Hence it is more of a religious belief rather than a philosophic one. Buddhism and Christianity On the other hand, Buddhisma and Christianity is not really compatible with each other (as religions). As discussed above, Christianity advocates a religion that which is primarily directed towards the belief to a God. Yet Buddhism undermines the concept of a Supreme Being that which is all-powerful and all-knowing, and that which controls man’s actions.Buddhism maintains that man can have the full control over his life therefore he does not need a god that would provide guidance and direction for him (Ch'en, 1972). Perfect enlightenment is the stage wherein a man successful reached the point of having a complete understanding of everything including his being (Hanh, 1999). For this reason, God and Buddha is never really equal to each other. Having such distinction, it can be inferred that Buddhism tends to avoid metaphysical speculation since it does not allow the concept of a supernatural entity as cause of man’s actions.Buddhism keeps its teachings to the moral standpoint and its reliance on experiential insight. Whereas, Christianity admits the existence of a God though there is no concrete and material evidence for such existence. The two can be analyzed in the light of a rationalist and an empiricist wherein Buddhism most likely supports the empiricist view of knowledge, that which lies in experience. However, Christianity supports the rationalist’s view that only reason itself even without experience can prove God’s existence. Thus, Buddhism and Christianity is really opposites of one another.Neverth eless, both of them considers codes or doctrines that are needed to achieved their established purpose (Buddhism is for enlightenment; Christianity is for salvation). Hence both suggest dogma that which their disciples must follow in order to achieved their goals. This is where religion is obviously manifested. In the first place, one can go against these codes and doctrines and look for other ways that can also bring the actualization of their goals. Philosophy suggests that one should not limit himself from what is traditionally accepted as true or what is traditionally accpeted the right way of doing something (Heidegger, 1956).Taoism and Christianity Like Buddhism, Taoism is also not compatible with Christianity. There are two major factors that make Taoism and Christianity very different with each other. The first one is that, Chirtianity is a monotheistic religion while Taoism adheres to mulitple gods hence making it a polytheistic religion (Legge, 2004). For Christians, there is only one God (The Holy Trinity is a representation of One God) (Bays, 1999). For Taoists, they have different and particular deities that vary in different regions (in China) (Taoist Association of China, 2002).Secondly, Christians believed that the order in the universe is predetermined and directed by God. On the contrary, Taoists believed that nature is responsible for whatever order the universe has. Such conceptions are significantly and obviously different. There is a semblance of philosophic character that is evident from the two. By appealing to ehtical or moral principles, Taoism suggests that man should live in harmony with nature thus also implying that man should act in accordance with what nature ordained. This appears like the Natural Law Theory.Nonetheless, Christianity upholds the Divine Command Theory which states that man’s action and all the process in the world is ordered and commanded by God or a Divine Entity. Such regard for who or what implies the order of the universe and all its processes can be considered as a philosophical discourse. Yet such is not really explicit in Christianity. On the other hand, Taoism is most likely illustratiing how nature directs and affects the universe and all the things that lie within it including the human persons and their relationship among each other (Po-Tuan, 2001).Conclusion Philosophy and religion are two different spheres. Philosophy does not provide all answers to all the questions that one can give but can provide different ways and approaches on arriving at the possible answers. Religion, in contrast, tends to have answers for all man’s questions that are founded and based on particular doctrines that it has. Yet, it does not give man the chance of verifying the truthfulness of each doctrine by means of other method but faith. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are the most recognize and extensively used religions in China.But after the entrance of Christianity, the Chinese tr aditional culture and relgion have changed significantly due to differences that are distinguishable from the three schools of thoughts and Christianity. The most important note here is the fact that before these schools of thought became religions themselves, they first became philosophical underpinnings which aim to make people realize the obscurity of the world. But eventually they became religions when people started to impose doctrines and rules that are grounded from these teachings in order to live harmoniously with the world.